Many service centers are unable to perform full-load testing of large DC machines. The good news is that there are specific tests that can be performed on a DC motor to verify the integrity of windings, the correct relative polarity of armature to interpoles, and proper running performance. This article explains specific tests that can help ensure a motor operates properly when the motor is installed. 

Muchos centros de servicio no pueden realizar pruebas a plena carga en máquinas de corriente continua grandes, sin embargo, la buena noticia es que existen pruebas específicas que permiten verificar la integridad de los devanados, la polaridad relativa correcta entre la armadura y los interpolos, y el adecuado funcionamiento del motor. Este artículo explica pruebas específicas que pueden ayudar a garantizar que el motor funcione correctamente una vez instalado.

There is now a much-needed DC repair standard, created through the participation of EASA members and industry motor users.

Existe ahora una norma para las reparaciones de CC muy necesaria, creada gracias a la participación de miembros de EASA y usuarios de motores de la industria.

Unlike their AC counterparts, DC machines do not have rotating magnetic fields. Rather, there are fixed magnetic field axes for the field (direct axis) and armature (quadrature axis). Even though the armature is rotating, the magnetic field axis in the armature is fixed thanks to commutation, which allows the direction of current in an armature conductor to change as it passes from the region under one main field pole to the next.

A diferencia de sus homólogos de CA, las máquinas de CC no tienen campos magnéticos rotativos. Más bien, existen ejes de campo magnético fijos para el campo (eje directo) y la armadura (eje en cuadratura). Aunque la armadura esté girando, el eje del campo magnético de la armadura está fijo gracias a la conmutación, lo que permite que la dirección de la corriente en un conductor de la armadura cambie a medida que pasa debajo de un polo de campo principal al siguiente.

Revisit EASA's 2022 Convention & Solutions Expo by buying access to recordings of the general sessions and education events streamed from EASA's website! These recordings provide almost 44 hours of training. Downloadable PDFs of slides and technical papers are included!

EASA's DC Machine Data Sheet provides all the fields necessary on a simple one-page form to accurately record all the details about the machine being repaired.

The lowly brush is underrated and misunderstood. The brush grade, brush pressure and spring tension, as well as the effect of load and humidity are each important to brush performance in DC machines, wound rotor motors, and synchronous machines.

Ground faults, short circuits and bad connections in interpole coils, series coils and compensating windings cause performance problems in DC machines, including brush sparking, flashover, stalling and catastrophic failure. Shunt coils have many turns of relatively small wire and are usually excited by a DC source independent of the armature. Series, interpole and compensating coils in the armature circuit usually are wound with a few turns of heavy wire as these coils carry armature current. For accurate test results, make sure windings are clean and dry. Verify connections of low resistance fields by visual inspection. Apply DC voltage to an assembled field frame and perform a thermography scan to detect problems including uneven heating and loose or corroded connections. Verify that the terminal lead markings are correct. Lead marking should conform to the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) nameplate, NEMA MG1 or IEC 60034-8, whichever is applicable.