Vertical motors differ from horizontal motors in numerous ways, yet some view them as “just a horizontal motor turned on end.” The obvious differences are the (usually) thrust bearings, with arrangements varying from single- to three-thrust bearings with different orientations suited for specific load, rpm and applications. Less obvious differences are in the ventilation arrangements, shaft stiffness, degrees of protection and runout tolerances. This recording will cover those topics.

This manual covers horizontal and vertical squirrel-cage induction motors in the 300 to 5,000 horsepower range, low- and medium-voltage. Most of the principles covered apply to other sizes as well. This manual focuses primarily on IEC motors and standards.

This webinar recording focuses on:

• Motor assembly issues
• Electrical and mechanical inspection
• Static and run testing
• AC motors with ball, roller and sleeve bearings

My first exposure to synthetic lubricants for rolling element bearings was during repair of high-speed, automotive engine-test dynamometers. For several years, our service center had repaired similar machines with rolling element bearings, but they were all oil lubricated by pump systems with specially-selected fittings near the bearings to deliver only small amounts of oil per minute.

We began to see rolling-element-bearing machines in for repair that were grease lubricated, and these displayed a specific make and type of lubricant on the nameplate. We purchased what was specified on the nameplate and all was well. Over time, we began to see more machines specifying the same make of grease, but a different grade or type. This led me to begin looking into the differences in the products.

Mi primera experiencia con lubricantes sintéticos para rodamientos con elementos rodantes fue durante la reparación de dinamómetros para probar motores de automóviles de alta velocidad. Durante varios años nuestro centro de servicio había reparado máquinas similares con rodamientos con elementos rodantes, pero todas ellas estaban lubricadas con sistemas de bombeo de aceite con accesorios especiales cerca de los rodamientos para suministrar solo pequeñas cantidades de aceite por minuto.

Comenzamos a ver máquinas enviadas para reparación con rodamientos con elementos rodantes lubricadas con grasa y estas indicaban en la placa de datos una marca y tipo de lubricante específicos. Compramos lo que estaba especificado en la placa y todo salió bien. Con el tiempo, comenzamos a ver más máquinas que especificaban la misma marca de grasa, pero con un tipo o grado diferente y esto me condujo a comenzar a buscar las diferencias en los productos, ya que uno era muy costoso y tenía una vida útil limitada.

Many of your customers have good in-house predictive maintenance departments and others outsource that skill. Either way, they should know when a bearing is deteriorating and remove the motor from service before it turns into a catastrophic failure. That saves a lot of maintenance dollars, which is great. But if the customer stops there, without discovering why that bearing is bad, your repaired motor could be returned with the same problem again. Defective bearings often hold a great deal of evidence, if we only look for it. The key is communication with the customer so that we repairers know that the motor was removed for bearing faults, and so that we can go a step further in the diagnostic process. Especially with the prevalence of variable frequency drives (VFDs), bearing currents cause a significant number of bearing failures. If you know the motor is operating from a drive, there are corrective measures to prevent future failures of the same type. And those extra steps are billable extras. Neglecting these additional inspection steps is like leaving money on the table, for both the service center and the customer.

Muchos de sus clientes cuentan con buenos departamentos de mantenimiento predictivo propios y otros lo subcontratan con proveedores externos calificados. En ambos casos, ellos deben saber cuando un rodamiento presenta deterioro y sacar de servicio el motor antes que el fallo se vuelva desastroso. Los rodamientos defectuosos aportan una gran cantidad de evidencias, si solamente las buscamos.

Much of what is discussed in this article applies to all rolling bearings, both ball and roller. Our focus, though, will be on issues that relate mostly to ball bearings used in electric motors. The intent is to address some of the fundamentals of rolling bearing enclosures, internal clearances and fits. We deal with rolling bearings every day, but we don't always consider some of these fundamentals until there is a bearing-related problem.

An electric motor must have room for thermal expansion of the shaft, or bearing life will be severely reduced. The endplay of a ball bearing motor plays an important role in bearing life.